The Very First Stars The Very First Stars
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"Falling Stars", Franz von Stuck, 1912/Wikimedia Commons (public domain)
Outer Space

The Very First Stars

A Journey into Space-Time
Łukasz Kaniewski
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As the world gazes into the future with a sense of uncertainty, let us take a moment to peer back into the distant past. The stars that came into existence at the dawn of the universe turn out to have been vastly different from those shining in today’s sky.

These days, we can hardly be certain of the future or even the present. So maybe we should seek comfort in one of the bygone eras? Preferably taking our thoughts back to times that we don’t actually remember so that we can relish them more easily. Perhaps the 1960s or 1970s? Granted, that’s tempting, but many people who witnessed those decades firsthand are still among us, after all, and they argue that things actually didn’t look so rosy back then, in Poland or elsewhere. So, maybe the interwar years? Let’s not be so naïve—back then, most people in Poland lived in poverty, and only the chosen few got to party in Warsaw’s famous Adria Café. What about the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth? Wrong, again. The shameless exploitation of peasants is a disgrace to that period, and the

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Earth Alienation Earth Alienation
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SpaceX SAOCOM 1A Mission. Source: @SpaceX / Unsplash
Outer Space

Earth Alienation

Hannah Arendt on Outer Space
Shoaib Shafi

In the 1960s, the political theorist Hannah Arendt wrote an essay entitled “The Conquest of Space and the Stature of Man”. In our present era, when billionaires such as Elon Musk are attempting to colonize the likes of Mars, what might Arendt’s essay tell us about the commercialization of outer space – and the human condition?

On Wednesday 30th May 2020, billionaire Elon Musk’s SpaceX company launched its first human passengers into orbit from Florida’s Kennedy Space Center, opening a door to the commercialization of space. With the National Aeronautics and Space Administration astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley, and the SpaceX-manufactured manned orbital rocket, this was the first time that a private firm had carried humans into space orbit. For Musk, it was “a dream come true”, as he took a small step towards his ultimate goal: the colonization of Mars. But he is not alone, soon the billionaires Jeff Bezos and Richard Branson will follow suit with their respective commercial space exploration companies, Blue Origin and Virgin Orbit.

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